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学检查",code:"47545064",belongname:"47545064,9",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",icon:"../images/l_icon7.gif"},{id:"47545069",pid:"47545065",name:"(四)肾脏处理钠能力的检测",code:"47545064",belongname:"47545064,9",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",icon:"../images/l_icon7.gif"}]},{id:"47545071",pid:"47545033",name:"【治疗】",code:"47545070",belongname:"47545070,8",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",children:[{id:"47545072",pid:"47545071",name:"(一)预防和并发症的治疗",code:"47545070",belongname:"47545070,9",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",icon:"../images/l_icon7.gif"},{id:"47545073",pid:"47545071",name:"(二)体液紊乱的治疗",code:"47545070",belongname:"47545070,9",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",icon:"../images/l_icon7.gif"},{id:"47545074",pid:"47545071",name:"(三)电解质紊乱的治疗",code:"47545070",belongname:"47545070,9",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",icon:"../images/l_icon7.gif"},{id:"47545075",pid:"47545071",name:"(四)营养支持治疗",code:"47545070",belongname:"47545070,9",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",icon:"../images/l_icon7.gif"},{id:"47545076",pid:"47545071",name:"(五)透析治疗",code:"47545070",belongname:"47545070,9",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",children:[{id:"47545077",pid:"47545076",name:"1.指征",code:"47545070",belongname:"47545070,10",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",icon:"../images/l_icon7.gif"},{id:"47545078",pid:"47545076",name:"2.透析治疗的种类",code:"47545070",belongname:"47545070,10",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",children:[{id:"47545079",pid:"47545078",name:"(1)血液透析:",code:"47545070",belongname:"47545070,11",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",icon:"../images/l_icon7.gif"},{id:"47545080",pid:"47545078",name:"(2)腹膜透析:",code:"47545070",belongname:"47545070,11",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",icon:"../images/l_icon7.gif"},{id:"47545081",pid:"47545078",name:"(3)连续性肾脏替代方法:",code:"47545070",belongname:"47545070,11",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",icon:"../images/l_icon7.gif"},{id:"47545082",pid:"47545078",name:"(4)透析治疗的并发症:",code:"47545070",belongname:"47545070,11",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",icon:"../images/l_icon7.gif"}]}]}]}]},{id:"47545088",pid:"47544962",name:"第四节 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性肠系膜缺血",code:"47551273",belongname:"47551273,11",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",icon:"../images/l_icon7.gif"},{id:"47551285",pid:"47551281",name:"(4)开放手术的结局:",code:"47551273",belongname:"47551273,11",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",icon:"../images/l_icon7.gif"}]}]},{id:"47551286",pid:"47551253",name:"(八)非阻塞性肠系膜缺血疾病的治疗",code:"47551273",belongname:"47551273,9",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",icon:"../images/l_icon7.gif"},{id:"47551287",pid:"47551253",name:"(九)肠系膜静脉血栓形成的治疗",code:"47551273",belongname:"47551273,9",open:"false",iconOpen:"../images/l_icon4.gif",iconClose:"../images/l_icon1.gif",icon:"../images/l_icon7.gif"}]}]},{id:"47551291",pid:"47550317",name:"第四十八章 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